The Coptic activist, ‘Ādil Jundī, denies the veracity of what Dr. Mufīd Shihāb, Minister of State for Legal Affairs, declared before the International Council for Human Rights, that President Mubārak has issued 138 presidential decrees of building churches since 2005. In his research, Jundī confirms that the president has issued 122 presidential decrees over this period, and only 38 out of them were for building churches. Jundī believes that the state, in Mubārak’s age, has revived an imperial edict and stuck to the
fiqh principle, which imposes
ahl al-dhimmah, not to build a new church or monastery, and not to renew or restore what has been damaged without permission.