The author talks about accusations of apostasy throughout Arab history, warning that such allegations disadvantage innovative thinkers. Firstly, he references Mohammad ‘Abduh's push to teach geography in the Azhar and the subsequent accusations of apostasy tht he endured. Nūr also references other great names, such as Najīb Mahfūz and Qāsim Amīn, who both suffered similar accusations.
Keywords: Najīb Mahfūz - Qāsim Amīn