Popular usage: unbelievers. Plural  form for Kafir. which traditionally means he who covers up  the truth.

“Night of power”, Ramaḍān, Prophet was revealed the Qur’ān

A school of Islamic law

Arabic for school; in the traditional sense a school where children study the Qur'an

maḥlūl: miri land that could be converted by the order of the sultan into matruk mahmiyya (property for general use such as lakes or roads) or into matruk murfaqa (property for use by a particular community such as market places and cemeteries) [AWR Paper Nr. 15]

Close kin with whom marriage is forbidden.

Literally "detested." Thing or action that is detested.

Four main schools of religious law, Sunni Islam.

A hadith whose origins cannot be determined or whose narrator is known to be lying; a hadith deemed to be false based on the criteria of al-jarh wa al-ta'dil.

Niche in Mosque's wall that shows Mecca's direction.

Miri: cultivated or cultivatable land acquired for the state through conquest or through forfeiture of milk due to the failure of heirs to cultivate it. An individual is able to gain rights over miri land by cultivating it and paying taxes, but the state continued to regulate its transfer and improvement. The tenant's rights to miri were forfeited by failure to cultivate the land. The ownership of such forfeited land is compromised. [AWR Paper Nr. 15]

Islamic scholar with the authorization to give fatwas, who has received an official appointment, high ranking government official.